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Usually the base that is bolted into a huge concrete pad provides the necessary support for a tower crane. The base is connected to a mast or a tower and stabilizes the crane which is connected to the inside of the structure of the building. Often, this attachment point is to an elevator shaft or to a concrete lift.
The crane's mast is often a triangulated lattice structure which measures 10 feet square or 0.9m2. Attached to the very top of the mast is the slewing unit. The slewing unit consists of a motor and a gear that enable the crane to rotate.
Tower cranes are able to have a maximum unsupported height of eighty meters or 265 feet. The tower crane's maximum lifting capacity is 16,642 kilograms or 39,690 lbs. with counter weights of 20 tons. Moreover, two limit switches are used to be able to make certain that the driver does not overload the crane. There is also another safety feature called a load moment switch to make sure that the operator does not exceed the ton meter load rating. Lastly, the tower crane has a maximum reach of 230 feet or seventy meters.
Because of their extreme heights, there is a science involved to erecting a crane. The stationary structure would at first need to be brought to the construction location by using a large tractor-trailer rig setup. Then, a mobile crane is utilized in order to assemble the equipment portion of the jib and the crane. These parts are then connected to the mast. The mobile crane next adds counterweights. Crawler cranes and forklifts could be some of the other industrial machines that is typically utilized to erect a crane.
Mast extensions are added to the crane as the building is erected. This is how the height of the crane could match the building's height. The crane crew utilizes what is called a top climber or a climbing frame which fits between the top of the mast and the slewing unit. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew in order to balance the counterweight. When complete, the slewing unit is able to detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are used to adjust the slewing unit up an extra 20 feet or 6.1m. Then, the crane driver uses the crane to insert and bolt into position another mast section piece.
Operating a Regular Counterbalance Forklift
1 Perform a pre-shift check prior to using the machinery. Occupational Safety and Health Administration guidelines state that a pre-shift checklist must be carried out at the beginning of every work shift. Each different machine along with its attachments has its own checklist listing emergency brakes, lights, brakes, steering, controls, horn and safety features.
2 When starting up the machine and check the controls, it is important to make sure that the seatbelt is fastened and the seat has been adjusted for your maximum comfort. Look underneath the machine after you move it for any indications of leaks. The operation of every type of forklift is different.
3 Don't forget differences in the basics of forklift operation as opposed to a regular vehicle. The forklift's rear end swing happens because of the fact that the truck steers with its rear wheels. Disregarding this detail is a major reasons for injuries and accidents to employees. The nearly ninety-degree turn from the front wheels should be performed with utmost caution. These top-heavy machinery have a high center of gravity even without a load. When moving or lifting a load this top-heaviness is exacerbated.
4 Keep forks close to the ground when traveling. Use care when approaching loads. Be sure the forks line up correctly with the pallet. Lift the load just as high as is required, tilting it back to help stabilize the machine. Only drive backwards if the load is very big that it obstructs the vision of the driver.
5 Check the wheels on trailers/trucks before loading and unloading. Do not travel on slopes, particularly when carrying a load. The equipment is prone to tip-overs on a slope. When driving on a slope is unavoidable, always drive up the slope and back down. The load should be kept on the uphill side of the truck.
6 The operator should be firmly in control at all times. The primary reason for operator injuries is tip-over. The driver should never try to jump out of the truck in the event of a tip-over. The safest way is to lean away from the direction of fall while holding the steering wheel and bracing your feet.
