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Tower cranes are able to have a maximum unsupported height of eighty meters or two hundred sixty five feet. The maximum lifting capacity of a tower crane is 16,642 kilograms or 39,690 pounds with counter weights of twenty tons. In addition, two limit switches are used to be able to ensure the driver does not overload the crane. There is even one more safety feature known as a load moment switch to ensure that the driver does not exceed the ton meter load rating. Lastly, the tower crane has a maximum reach of seventy meters or two hundred thirty feet.
Due to their extreme heights, there is a science involved to erecting a crane. The stationary structure will first have to be brought to the construction site by utilizing a large tractor-trailer rig setup. Then, a mobile crane is used in order to assemble the machine part of the crane and the jib. After that, these sections are connected to the mast. Afterward, the mobile crane adds counterweights. Crawler cranes and forklifts may be a few of the other industrial equipment which is utilized to erect a crane.
When the building is erected, mast extensions are added to the crane. This is how the crane's height can match the building's height. The crane crew utilizes what is referred to as a climbing frame or a top climber that fits between the slewing unit and the top of the mast. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew so as to balance the counterweight. Once complete, the slewing unit could detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are utilized to adjust the slewing unit up an additional 6.1m or 20 feet. Then, the crane operator utilizes the crane to insert and bolt into position one more mast part piece.
The definition of a "loaded container" for the purpose of container handling and securing; is a container other than in the empty or tare condition. Containers must be treated as loaded, unless otherwise confirmed. In order to maintain safety, when securing or handling containers, environmental conditions like wind need to be considered. The term loaded is the container's maximum gross weigh rating. So as to ensure that the centre of gravity is kept as low and central as possible, the load has to be distributed all over the container.
Having an evenly distributed load it is advantageous to avoid excessive tilting, and lack of vehicle stability, in order to maintain safety. An even cargo helps to avoid unacceptable load concentrations, and unacceptable vehicle axle loading.
The eccentricity of the center of gravity differs, with the distribution of load in the container. It is extremely important that the designers of handling equipment and containers take this into consideration in the engineering process. Like for instance, when 60% of the load by mass is distributed in fifty percent of the length of the container measured from one end of the machinery, the eccentricity corresponds to 5%.
To be able to make sure that the equipment utilized is perfect for the cargo, care needs to be taken to make certain it is safely attached to the container and that the container is free to be handled. Specific attention needs to be paid to the risk of the container tilting due to the eccentricity of the center of gravity. When lifting any container whose centre of gravity is eccentric or mobile, like for instance a bulk container, a tank container or a container with a liquid bulk bag or a thermal container with a refrigerating unit, either clip on or integral, or any container with a hanging cargo, extreme care must be taken when lifting these.
