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A torque converter is actually a fluid coupling which is utilized so as to transfer rotating power from a prime mover, that is an internal combustion engine or as electrical motor, to a rotating driven load. The torque converter is similar to a basic fluid coupling to take the place of a mechanized clutch. This enables the load to be separated from the main power source. A torque converter can offer the equivalent of a reduction gear by being able to multiply torque if there is a significant difference between input and output rotational speed.
The fluid coupling type is actually the most common type of torque converter used in automobile transmissions. During the 1920's there were pendulum-based torque or Constantinesco converter. There are different mechanical designs utilized for continuously changeable transmissions that have the ability to multiply torque. For example, the Variomatic is a type that has a belt drive and expanding pulleys.
A fluid coupling is a 2 element drive that cannot multiply torque. A torque converter has an added component which is the stator. This alters the drive's characteristics all through times of high slippage and produces an increase in torque output.
Inside a torque converter, there are at least of three rotating components: the turbine, to drive the load, the impeller that is driven mechanically driven by the prime mover and the stator. The stator is between the turbine and the impeller so that it can alter oil flow returning from the turbine to the impeller. Normally, the design of the torque converter dictates that the stator be prevented from rotating under any situation and this is where the word stator originates from. Actually, the stator is mounted on an overrunning clutch. This design prevents the stator from counter rotating with respect to the prime mover while still allowing forward rotation.
Modifications to the basic three element design have been integrated at times. These adjustments have proven worthy specially in application where higher than normal torque multiplication is needed. Usually, these adjustments have taken the form of multiple turbines and stators. Each and every set has been intended to produce differing amounts of torque multiplication. Several examples include the Dynaflow that makes use of a five element converter to be able to generate the wide range of torque multiplication considered necessary to propel a heavy vehicle.
Different automobile converters consist of a lock-up clutch in order to lessen heat and in order to improve the cruising power and transmission effectiveness, though it is not strictly part of the torque converter design. The application of the clutch locks the impeller to the turbine. This causes all power transmission to be mechanical that eliminates losses connected with fluid drive.
